1.铁芯与用途分类铁芯既是变压器的磁路，又是它的机械骨架。铁芯由铁芯和铁轭两部分组成。铁芯柱上套装绕组，铁轭将铁芯连接起来，使之形成闭合磁路。铁轭又分为上铁轭、下铁轭和旁铁轭。

1. core and purpose classified iron core is both the magnetic circuit of the transformer and the mechanical skeleton of the transformer. The iron core consists of two parts of the iron core and the iron yoke. The iron core is connected with the iron core to form a closed magnetic circuit. The yoke is divided into the yoke of the upper iron, the yoke of the lower iron and the yoke of the side.

为了减少铁芯中的磁滞损耗和涡流损耗，铁芯一般用高磁导率的硅钢片叠成。硅钢片分热轧和冷轧两种，其厚度有0.35MM和0.5MM两种，硅钢片的两面涂以厚0.01-0.13的漆膜，使片与片之间绝缘。

In order to reduce the loss of magnetic hysteresis and eddy current in the core, the core is usually superimposed on silicon steel with high permeability. Silicon steel sheet is divided into two kinds of hot rolling and cold rolling, with the thickness of two kinds of 0.35MM and 0.5MM. The two sides of silicon steel sheet are coated with thick 0.01-0.13 film to make the insulation between the sheet and the sheet.

根据结构形式和工艺特点，变压器铁芯可分为叠片式和渐开线式两种，叠片式铁芯又可分为芯式和壳式两类。

According to the structure and process characteristics, the transformer core can be divided into two kinds of laminated and involute, and the laminated core can be divided into two types: core type and shell type.

2.壳式结构

2. shell structure

壳式结构是铁轭包围绕组的顶面、底面和侧面，即壳式变压器的特点是有既有上铁轭、下铁轭，又有旁铁轭。

The shell structure is the top, bottom and side of an iron yoke encircling winding, that is, the shell type transformer is characterized by an iron yoke, a lower iron yoke, and a parapeon yoke.

大容量的三相变压器由于运输的限制，需要降低铁芯高度，把普通的三相芯片变压器的上下铁轭的一部分搬到两个边柱的外侧，这就是三相五柱式铁芯结构。

Due to the limitation of transportation, large capacity three-phase transformer needs to reduce the height of the core, and move the part of the upper and lower yoke of the three-phase chip transformer to the outer side of the two side columns, which is the three-phase five column core structure.

3.芯式结构

3. core structure

芯式结构的是铁轭靠着绕组的顶面和底面，但不包围绕组的侧面，壳式结构机械强度较好，但制造复杂，铁芯用材较多。芯式结构比较简单，绕组的装配与绝缘的处理也较容易。因此国产电力变压器均采用芯式结构。

The core structure is the iron yoke, depending on the top and bottom of the winding, but it doesn't encircling the side of the winding. The shell structure has better mechanical strength, but the manufacturing is complex, and the core material is more. The core structure is relatively simple, and the assembly and insulation of the winding are easy. Therefore, the domestic power transformers use the core structure.