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变压器铁芯故障和排除
变压器铁芯故障和排除
Fault and elimination of transformer core
变压器的绕组和铁芯是传递、变换电磁能量的主要部件。保证它们的可*运行是人们所关注的问题。统计资料表明因铁芯问题造成故障，占变压器总事故中的第三位。制造部门对变压器铁芯缺陷已引起重视，并在铁芯可*接地、铁芯接地监视，以及保证一点接地方面都进行了技术改进。运行部门也把检测和发现铁芯故障提到相当高度。然而，变压器铁芯故障仍屡有发生，其原因主要是由于铁芯多点接地和铁芯接地不良造成。现对两种故障情况的判断及处理方法作一介绍。
The winding and core of transformer are the main components to transmit and transform electromagnetic energy. Ensuring their operation is a concern. Statistical data indicate that the fault is caused by iron core, which accounts for third of the total transformer accidents. The manufacturing department has paid more attention to the transformer core defects, and has made technical improvements in the core can be grounded, core grounding monitoring, and to ensure a point of grounding. The operation Department also referred to the detection and discovery of core failure. However, the failure of transformer core often happens. The reason is mainly due to the multi core grounding of iron core and the poor grounding of iron core. This paper introduces the judgement and treatment of two kinds of malfunctions.
1铁芯正常时需要一点接地的原因
1 reason for a point to be grounded when the core is normal
变压器正常运行时，带电的绕组和油箱之间存在电场，而铁芯和其他金属构件处于该电场中。由于电容分布不均，场强各异，如果铁芯不可*接地，则将产生充放电现象，破坏固体绝缘和油的绝缘强度，所以铁芯必须有一点可*接地。
When the transformer is running normally, there is electric field between the charged winding and the oil tank, while the iron core and other metal components are in the electric field. Because of the uneven distribution of capacitance, the field strength varies. If the core cannot be grounded, the charge discharge will be produced to destroy the insulation of the solid and the insulation of the oil, so the core must have a point to be grounded.
铁芯由硅钢片组成，为减小涡流，片间有一定的绝缘电阻(一般仅几欧姆至几十欧姆)，由于片间电容极大，在交变电场中可视为通路，因而铁芯中只需一点接地即可将整叠的铁芯叠片电位箝制在地电位。
The core consists of silicon steel. In order to reduce the eddy current, there is a certain insulation resistance (a few ohm to dozens of ohms) between pieces. Because of the large capacitance between the pieces, it can be seen as a path in the alternating electric field, so the iron core can be clamped to the ground potential by only a bit of grounding in the iron core.
当铁芯或其金属构件如有两点或两点以上(多点)接地时，则接地点间就会造成闭合回路，它键链部分磁通，感生电动势，并形成环路，产生局部过热，甚至烧毁铁芯。
When the iron core or its metal component is grounded at two or more points (more than two points), the connection place will cause a closed loop. It bonds a part of magnetic flux, produces electromotive force, and forms a loop to produce local overheating and even burn out the iron core.
变压器铁芯只有一点接地，才是可*的正常接地。即铁芯必须接地，且必须是一点接地。
The core of transformer is only grounded at a point, which is the normal grounding. That is, the core must be grounded, and it must be grounded.
铁芯故障主要由两个方面原因引起，一是施工工艺不良造成短路，二是由于附件和外界因素引起多点接地。
The core failure is mainly caused by two reasons. One is the short circuit due to the bad construction process, the two is the multi point grounding due to the accessories and external factors.
2铁芯多点接地类型
2 core multi point grounding type
(1)安装变压器竣工后，未将油箱顶盖上运输的定位销翻转过来或去除掉，构成多点接地。
(1) after installing the transformer, the location pin on the top cover of the fuel tank is not turned over or removed, forming a multi point grounding.
(2)由于铁芯夹件肢板距芯柱太近、铁芯叠片因某种原因翘起后，触及到夹件肢板，形成多点接地。
(2) as the core clamping plate is too close to the core column and the core lamination is tilted for some reason, it touches the clamping limb plate to form multi-point grounding.
(3)铁轭螺杆的衬套过长，和铁轭叠片相碰，构成了新的接地点。
(3) Bush long iron yoke screw, and yoke laminations collide, constitutes a new ground.
(4)铁芯下夹件垫脚和铁轭间的绝缘纸板脱落或破损，使垫脚铁轭处叠片相碰造成接地。
(4) the core clamping pressboard off or damaged parts and stepping between the yoke, the yoke iron stepping laminated together by grounding.
(5)具有潜油泵装置的大中型变压器，由于潜油泵轴承磨损，金属粉末进入油箱中，淤积油箱底部，在电磁力作用下形成桥路，将下铁轭和垫脚或箱底接通，形成多点接地。
(5) large and medium-sized transformers with submersible pump device, because of the wear of the bearing of the submersible pump, the metal powder enters the tank, silting the bottom of the tank, forming a bridge under the action of electromagnetic force, connecting the yoke with the foot or the bottom of the box to form a multi point grounding.
Fault and elimination of transformer core
变压器的绕组和铁芯是传递、变换电磁能量的主要部件。保证它们的可*运行是人们所关注的问题。统计资料表明因铁芯问题造成故障，占变压器总事故中的第三位。制造部门对变压器铁芯缺陷已引起重视，并在铁芯可*接地、铁芯接地监视，以及保证一点接地方面都进行了技术改进。运行部门也把检测和发现铁芯故障提到相当高度。然而，变压器铁芯故障仍屡有发生，其原因主要是由于铁芯多点接地和铁芯接地不良造成。现对两种故障情况的判断及处理方法作一介绍。
The winding and core of transformer are the main components to transmit and transform electromagnetic energy. Ensuring their operation is a concern. Statistical data indicate that the fault is caused by iron core, which accounts for third of the total transformer accidents. The manufacturing department has paid more attention to the transformer core defects, and has made technical improvements in the core can be grounded, core grounding monitoring, and to ensure a point of grounding. The operation Department also referred to the detection and discovery of core failure. However, the failure of transformer core often happens. The reason is mainly due to the multi core grounding of iron core and the poor grounding of iron core. This paper introduces the judgement and treatment of two kinds of malfunctions.
1铁芯正常时需要一点接地的原因
1 reason for a point to be grounded when the core is normal
变压器正常运行时，带电的绕组和油箱之间存在电场，而铁芯和其他金属构件处于该电场中。由于电容分布不均，场强各异，如果铁芯不可*接地，则将产生充放电现象，破坏固体绝缘和油的绝缘强度，所以铁芯必须有一点可*接地。
When the transformer is running normally, there is electric field between the charged winding and the oil tank, while the iron core and other metal components are in the electric field. Because of the uneven distribution of capacitance, the field strength varies. If the core cannot be grounded, the charge discharge will be produced to destroy the insulation of the solid and the insulation of the oil, so the core must have a point to be grounded.
铁芯由硅钢片组成，为减小涡流，片间有一定的绝缘电阻(一般仅几欧姆至几十欧姆)，由于片间电容极大，在交变电场中可视为通路，因而铁芯中只需一点接地即可将整叠的铁芯叠片电位箝制在地电位。
The core consists of silicon steel. In order to reduce the eddy current, there is a certain insulation resistance (a few ohm to dozens of ohms) between pieces. Because of the large capacitance between the pieces, it can be seen as a path in the alternating electric field, so the iron core can be clamped to the ground potential by only a bit of grounding in the iron core.
当铁芯或其金属构件如有两点或两点以上(多点)接地时，则接地点间就会造成闭合回路，它键链部分磁通，感生电动势，并形成环路，产生局部过热，甚至烧毁铁芯。
When the iron core or its metal component is grounded at two or more points (more than two points), the connection place will cause a closed loop. It bonds a part of magnetic flux, produces electromotive force, and forms a loop to produce local overheating and even burn out the iron core.
变压器铁芯只有一点接地，才是可*的正常接地。即铁芯必须接地，且必须是一点接地。
The core of transformer is only grounded at a point, which is the normal grounding. That is, the core must be grounded, and it must be grounded.
铁芯故障主要由两个方面原因引起，一是施工工艺不良造成短路，二是由于附件和外界因素引起多点接地。
The core failure is mainly caused by two reasons. One is the short circuit due to the bad construction process, the two is the multi point grounding due to the accessories and external factors.
2铁芯多点接地类型
2 core multi point grounding type
(1)安装变压器竣工后，未将油箱顶盖上运输的定位销翻转过来或去除掉，构成多点接地。
(1) after installing the transformer, the location pin on the top cover of the fuel tank is not turned over or removed, forming a multi point grounding.
(2)由于铁芯夹件肢板距芯柱太近、铁芯叠片因某种原因翘起后，触及到夹件肢板，形成多点接地。
(2) as the core clamping plate is too close to the core column and the core lamination is tilted for some reason, it touches the clamping limb plate to form multi-point grounding.
(3)铁轭螺杆的衬套过长，和铁轭叠片相碰，构成了新的接地点。
(3) Bush long iron yoke screw, and yoke laminations collide, constitutes a new ground.
(4)铁芯下夹件垫脚和铁轭间的绝缘纸板脱落或破损，使垫脚铁轭处叠片相碰造成接地。
(4) the core clamping pressboard off or damaged parts and stepping between the yoke, the yoke iron stepping laminated together by grounding.
(5)具有潜油泵装置的大中型变压器，由于潜油泵轴承磨损，金属粉末进入油箱中，淤积油箱底部，在电磁力作用下形成桥路，将下铁轭和垫脚或箱底接通，形成多点接地。
(5) large and medium-sized transformers with submersible pump device, because of the wear of the bearing of the submersible pump, the metal powder enters the tank, silting the bottom of the tank, forming a bridge under the action of electromagnetic force, connecting the yoke with the foot or the bottom of the box to form a multi point grounding.
