无负载损(铁损，随频率、磁通密度而变化)
No load loss (iron loss, varying with frequency and flux density)
无负载时铜损：一次侧线圈承受激磁电流，因线圈内阻所造成之损失(电阻损=I2R)。由于激磁电流非常小，约1~2﹪，可忽略不计。
Copper loss without load: The primary side coil bears exciting current, which is caused by the internal resistance of the coil (resistance loss = I2R). Because the exciting current is very small, about 1-2%, it can be neglected.
磁滞损：磁滞损失与所使用铁芯硅钢片的的材质有关。与频率的变化有关，频率增高则磁滞损失将增加。
Hysteresis loss: Hysteresis loss is related to the material of silicon steel sheet with iron core. With the change of frequency, the hysteresis loss will increase with the increase of frequency.
窝流损：窝流损失与所使用铁芯硅钢片的的材质、厚度、硅钢片表面绝缘有关。
Foundation loss: Foundation loss is related to the material, thickness and surface insulation of silicon steel sheet with iron core.
负载损(铜损，随负载电流、温度而变化)
Load loss (copper loss, varying with load current and temperature)
电阻损：包括一次线圈与二次侧线圈的电阻损，依负载电流的大小而变化。
Resistance loss: It includes the resistance loss of primary coil and secondary coil, which varies according to the magnitude of load current.
漂游损：由变压器的漏磁通所引起。例如(a)一次与二次侧绕组产生漏磁，致使绕组导体中产生窝流损。(b)漏磁经过金属物，如铁芯夹件、变压器外罩等部位所产生的损耗。
Drift loss: caused by leakage flux of transformer. For example (a) magnetic flux leakage occurs in primary and secondary windings, resulting in pit losses in winding conductors. (b) Loss of magnetic flux leakage through metal parts, such as iron core clamps and transformer covers.